The Witness Circle is the public home for my published essays outside of journal submissions. It is a curated space where I share clear, accessible writing on philosophy and other academic topics in ethics, AI, relational consciousness, community, legal procedure and realities, and modern life.
This static‑site archive brings together polished, evergreen pieces alongside my ongoing Substack work, offering readers a single, steady place to explore ideas, follow new developments, and engage with the broader arc of my thinking.
Vindicating Descartes
Consciousness shapes every emotion, memory, and choice we make, yet most of us inherit a four‑hundred‑year‑old story about the mind that no longer fits what we know about ourselves. This article revisits Descartes’ original insight and shows how a modern relational understanding of consciousness finally explains what he could only sense
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